During slavery, legally free African Americans were required to register with county courts and secure Certificates of Freedom, also known as freedom papers. Trammell used this handmade tin to protect …

These papers were important because “free people of color” lived with the constant fear of being kidnapped and sold into slavery. Freedom Papers proved the free status of a person and served as a …

Learn more about this object from the National Museum of African American History and Culture. Using contemporary book art and documents drawn from the JHU archives, “Freedom Papers” highlights …

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During the 18th & 19th centuries, freedom papers were documents that declared the free status of African people. Without these liberatory documents, free people of African descent lived under the …

Freedom papers featured detailed descriptions of applicants including age, height, complexion, possible scars and more. The official document proved Trammell’s status as a free person and protected him …

Documents defining this variously as “emancipation,” “manumission,” and “freedom papers” detail various methods, including travel to other states where those rights were inherent, or freedom …

Freedom Papers sets the saga of Rosalie and her descendants against the background of three great antiracist struggles of the nineteenth century: the Haitian Revolution, the French Revolution of 1848, …

Joseph Trammell first registered as a free person in 1852, as required by law. His registration number was 1952. After the appropriate legal documents were recorded in the Register of Free Negroes in …

Freedom Papers sets the saga of Rosalie and her descendants against the background of three great antiracist struggles of the nineteenth century: the Haitian Revolution, the French Revolution of 1848, …