How the CIA’s Kryptos Sculpture Gave Up Its Final Secret

The 35-year-old saga of Kryptos, an enigmatic sculpture containing four encrypted messages outside the CIA headquarters, just ...
insider.si.edu

The mathematics of secrets : cryptography from Caesar ciphers to digital encryption / Joshua Holden

Introduction to ciphers and substitution. Alice and Bob and Carl and Julius: terminology and Caesar Cipher ; The key to the matter: generalizing the Caesar Cipher ; Multiplicative ciphers ; Affine ...
Scientific American

How the World’s Most Famous Code Was Cracked

How does one crack the world’s most famous code? The breakthroughs on Kryptos provide a guided tour through the cat and mouse game between code makers and code breakers that has defined information ...
insider.si.edu

Codes and ciphers : Julius Caesar, the Enigma, and the internet / R.F. Churchhouse

1. Introduction -- 2. From Julius Caesar to simple substitution -- 3. Polyalphabetic systems -- 4. Jigsaw ciphers -- 5. Two-letter ciphers -- 6. Codes -- 7. Ciphers for spies -- 8. Producing random ...